What is Hypertension?

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. It often develops over time and can go unnoticed until serious health problems occur.


Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment


Why is Hypertension a Concern?

High blood pressure is often called the "silent killer" because it usually has no noticeable symptoms but can lead to life-threatening conditions like:

  • Heart attack

  • Stroke

  • Kidney disease

  • Vision loss

Proper management and early diagnosis are crucial to preventing complications.


Normal vs. High Blood Pressure


Category Systolic (mm Hg) Diastolic (mm Hg)
Normal Less than 120 Less than 80
Elevated 120–129 Less than 80
High Blood Pressure (Stage 1) 130–139 80–89
High Blood Pressure (Stage 2) 140 or higher 90 or higher
Hypertensive Crisis Over 180 Over 120


Common Causes of Hypertension

Hypertension can be primary (essential) or secondary:

1. Primary Hypertension

Develops over the years and has no identifiable cause. Factors include:

  • Genetics

  • Poor diet (high salt/fat intake)

  • Obesity

  • Lack of physical activity

  • Smoking

  • Excess alcohol


2. Secondary Hypertension

Caused by underlying conditions like:

  • Kidney disease

  • Thyroid disorders

  • Sleep apnea

  • Certain medications (birth control, decongestants)


Symptoms of Hypertension

Most people with high blood pressure do not experience symptoms. However, in severe cases, symptoms may include:

  • Headaches

  • Shortness of breath

  • Nosebleeds

  • Chest pain

  • Dizziness

  • Vision problems


How is Hypertension Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually made using a blood pressure monitor. Your doctor may recommend:

  • Regular BP readings over a few days

  • Blood tests

  • Urine tests

  • ECG or echocardiogram to assess heart health


Effective Treatment and Management

1. Lifestyle Changes

  • Reduce salt intake

  • Eat a balanced diet (DASH diet)

  • Exercise regularly (30 minutes/day)

  • Maintain a healthy weight

  • Avoid smoking and alcohol

  • Manage stress through meditation/yoga


2. Medications

Doctors may prescribe according to the condition.


Preventing Hypertension

  • Check your blood pressure regularly

  • Choose low-sodium food options

  • Stay active and control your weight

  • Limit caffeine and processed food

  • Stay informed and educated


Final Thoughts

Hypertension is a serious yet manageable condition. Regular health checkups, a healthy lifestyle, and proper treatment can help you control blood pressure and reduce your risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications.

Take charge of your health today — because prevention is better than cure.


Disclaimer:

The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional or your doctor before starting any new health regimen, making changes to your diet or medication, or if you have any concerns about your health. This blog does not diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition.