Discovered By: Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
Discovery year: 1923

The following table showing some properties of Hafnium(Hf):

Table Example
Atomic number 72
Group 4
Period 6
Block d
Electrons 72
Protons 72
Neutrons 106
Atomic weight 178.49
Oxidation states +4
Ionic charge Hf^4+


Table Example
Electrons per shell K2 L8 M18 N32 O10 P2
Electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^64s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^2
Atomic radius 208 pm
Covalent radius 175 pm
Boiling point 4603°C
Melting point 2233°C
Fusion heat kJ.mol^-1
Thermal expansion 5.9*10^-6 K^-1
Vaporization heat 630 kJ.mol^-1
Color Gray


Table Example
Brinell hardness 1700 MPa
Bulk modulus 110 GPa
Density 13310 kg.m^-3
Liquid density 12000 kg.m^-3
Mohs hardness 5.5
Molar volume 1.341*10^-5 m^3.mol^-1
Poisson ratio 0.37
Shear modulus 30 GPa
Sound speed 3010 m.s^-1
Vickers hardness 1760 MPa


Table Example
Young's modulus 78 GPa
Electrical conductivity 3.3*10^6 S.m^-1
Electrical type Conductor
Magnetic type Paramagnetic
Resistivity 3.10^-7 Ohm.m
Superconducting point 0.128 K
Electronegativity 1.3
Valence 4
Electron affinity 0 kJ.mol^-1
First ionization energy 658.5 kJ.mol^-1
Radioactive No
Neutron cross section 104 barn