Discovered By: Jean-Charles-Galinard de Marignac
Discovery year: 1880

The following table showing some properties of Gadolinium(Gd):

Table Example
Atomic number 64
Group n/a
Period 6
Block f
Atomic weight 157.25
Oxidation states +2, +3
Ionic charge Gd^3+
Electrons per shell K2 L8 M18 N25 O9 P2
Electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^7 5d^1
Atomic radius 233 pm


Table Example
Electrons 64
Protons 64
Neutrons 93
Covalent radius 196 pm
Boiling point 3250°C
Melting point 1313°C
Phase Solid
Fusion heat 10 kJ.mol^-1
Specific heat 240 J.kg.K^-1
Thermal expansion 9.4*10^-6 K^-1


Table Example
Vaporization heat 305 kJ.mol^-1
Color Silver
Bulk modulus 38 GPa
Density 7901 kg.m^-3
Liquid density 7400 kg.m^-3
Mohs hardness 5.1
Molar volume 1.99*10^-5 m^3.mol^-1
Poisson ratio 0.26
Shear modulus 22 GPa
Sound speed 2680 m.s^-1


Table Example
Vickers hardness 570 MPa
Young's modulus 55 GPa
Electrical conductivity 7.7*10^5 S.m^-1
Electrical type Conductor
Magnetic type Ferromagnetic
Resistivity 1.3*10^-6 Ohm.m
Curie point 294 K
Electronegativity 1.2
Valence 3
Electron affinity 50 kJ.mol^-1
First ionization energy 593.4 kJ.mol^-1
Radioactive No
Neutron cross section 49000 barn