Discovered By: Gottfried Osann, Jedrzej Sniadecki, Karl Karlovich Klaus
Discovery year: 1808

The following table showing some properties of Ruthenium(Ru):

Table Example
Atomic number 44
Group 8
Period 5
Block d
Electrons 44
Protons 44
Neutrons 57
Atomic weight 101.07
Oxidation states -2, +2, +3, +4, +6, +8
Ionic charge Ru^3+, Ru^4+


Table Example
Electrons per shell K2 L8 M18 N15 O1
Electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^1 4d^7
Atomic radius 178 pm
Covalent radius 146 pm
Boiling point 4150°C
Melting point 2334°C
Phase Solid
Fusion heat 25.7 kJ.mol^-1
Vaporization heat 580 kJ.mol^-1
Color Slver


Table Example
Brinell hardness 2160 MPa
Bulk modulus 220 GPa
Density 12370 kg.m^-3
Liquid density 10650 kg.m^-3
Mohs hardness 6.5
Molar volume 8.171*10^-6 m^3.mol^-1
Poisson ratio 0.3
Shear modulus 173 GPa
Sound speed 5970 m.s^-1
Vickers hardness 2300 MPa


Table Example
Young's modulus 447 GPa
Electric type Conductor
Magnetic type Paramagnetic
Superconducting point 0.49 K
Electronegativity 2.2
Valence 6
Electron affinity 101.3 kJ.mol^-1
First ionization energy 710.2 kJ.mol^-1
Radioactive No
Neutron cross section 2.6 barn