Discovered By: Charles Hatchett
Discovery year: 1801

The following table showing some properties of Niobium(Nb):

Table Example
Atomic number 41
Group 5
Period 5
Block d
Electrons 41
Protons 41
Neutrons 52
Atomic weight 92.90637
Oxidation states -1, +3, +5
Ionic charge Nb^5+, Nb^3+


Table Example
Electrons per shell K2 L8 M18 N12 O1
Electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^1 4d^4
Atomic radius 198 pm
Covalent radius 164 pm
Boiling point 4744°C
Melting point 2477°C
Phase Solid
Fusion heat 26.8 kJ.mol^-1
Thermal expansion 7.3*10^-6 K^-1
Vaporization heat 690 kJ.mol^-1


Table Example
Color Gray
Brinell hardness 736 MPa
Bulk modulus 170 GPa
Density 8570 kg.m^-3
Mohs hardness 6
Molar volume 1.084*10^-5 m^3.mol^-1
Poisson ratio 0.4
Shear modulus 38 GPa
Sound speed 3480 m.s^-1
Vickers hardness 1320 MPa


Table Example
Young's modulus 105 GPa
Electrical type Conductor
Magnetic type Paramagnetic
Superconducting point 9.25 K
Electronegativity 1.6
Valence 5
Radioactive No
Neutron cross section 1.15 barn
Electron affinity 86.1 kJ.mol^-1
First ionization energy 652.1 kJ.mol^-1