Discovered By: Clemens Alexander Winkler
Discovery year: 1886

The following table showing some properties of Germanium(Ge):

Table Example
Atomic number 32
Group 14
Period 4
Block p
Electrons 32
Protons 32
Neutrons 41
Atomic weight 72.63
Oxidation states +2, +4
Ionic charge Ge^4+


Table Example
Electrons per shell K2 L8 M18 N4
Electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^2
Atomic radius 125 pm
Covalent radius 120 pm
Boiling point 2820°C
Melting point 938.3°C
Phase Solid
Fusion heat 31.8 kJ.mol^-1
Thermal expansion 6*10^-6 K^-1
Vaporization heat 334 kJ.mol^-1


Table Example
Color Gray
Brinell hardness 7270 MPa
Density 5323 kg.m^-3
Liquid density 5600 kg.m^-3
Mohs hardness 6
Molar volume 1.364*10^-5 m^3.mol^-1
Sound speed 5400 m.s^-1
Vickers hardness 8010 MPa
Electric type Semiconductor
Magnetic type Diamagnetic
Resistivity 5*10^-4 Ohm.m
Electronegativity 2.01
Valence 4
Radioactive No
Neutron cross section 2.2 barn