Discovered By: Prehistoric
Discovery year: -2500

The following table showing some properties of Gold(Au):

Table Example
Atomic number 79
Group 11
Period 6
Block d
Electrons 79
Protons 79
Neutrons 118
Atomic weight 196.966569
Oxidation states +1, +3
Ionic charge Au^3+, Au^+


Table Example
Electrons per shell K2 L8 M18 N32 O18 P1
Electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^1 4f^14 5d^10
Atomic radius 174 pm
Covalent radius 136 pm
Van der Waals radius 166 pm
Boiling point 2856°C
Melting point 1064.18°C
Phase Solid
Fusion heat 12.5 kJ.mol^-1
Vaporization heat 330 kJ.mol^-1


Table Example
Thermal expansion 1.42*10^-5 K^-1
Color Gold
Brinell hardness 2450 MPa
Bulk modulus 220 GPa
Density 19300 kg.m^-3
Liquid density 17310 kg.m^-3
Mohs hardness 2.5
Poisson ratio 0.44
Shear modulus 27 GPa
Sound speed 1740 m.s^-1


Table Example
Vickers hardness 216 MPa
Young's modulus 78 GPa
Electrical type Conductor
Magnetic point Diamagnetic
Resistivity 2.2*10^-8 Ohm.m
Electronegativity 2.54
Valence 5
Electron affinity 222.8 kJ.mol^-1
First ionization energy 890.1 kJ.mol^-1
Radioactive No
Neutron cross section 98.7 barn